Cambridge IGCSE Computer Science (0478) · lesson 22 of 35 · 20 min
Categories of Software
System Software in Detail
Operating System (OS): The most important system software. Manages all hardware resources and provides services to applications. Examples: Windows 11, macOS, Linux, Android, iOS.
Device drivers: Software that allows the OS to communicate with specific hardware (printer driver, graphics driver). Without a driver, the OS cannot use the device.
Utility software: Performs maintenance and optimisation tasks. Examples: antivirus, disk defragmenter, backup software, file compression tools.
BIOS/UEFI firmware: Lowest-level software; runs before the OS loads; initialises hardware and boots the OS.
Application Software in Detail
Application software is designed for end-user tasks:
- Productivity: Word processors (MS Word), spreadsheets (Excel), presentation software (PowerPoint).
- Communication: Email clients, web browsers, video conferencing.
- Entertainment: Games, media players, streaming apps.
- Specialist: CAD software, accounting packages, medical imaging.
Which of the following is system software?
- Microsoft Word
- Google Chrome
- Device driver
- Minecraft
Answer: Device driver
Device drivers are system software that allow the OS to communicate with hardware.
What is the purpose of utility software?
- Run user applications
- Manage hardware resources
- Perform maintenance and optimisation tasks
- Provide a user interface
Answer: Perform maintenance and optimisation tasks
Utility software performs tasks like virus scanning, backup, and disk management.
An antivirus program is an example of:
- Application software
- Operating system
- Utility software
- Firmware
- Answer: 2
Antivirus is utility software — it maintains and protects the system.
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